The risk-increasing trend was preserved in the low-to-moderate risk group of CVDs (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.11). Per 1 unit increase of hemoglobin variability, the risk for CVD (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.09) and stroke (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13) increased significantly. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the adjusted hazard ratios for CVD according to hemoglobin variability. Participants were followed up for 6 years to determine the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Hemoglobin variability is defined as the average successive variability of three separate hemoglobin values from each health screening period. This retrospective cohort study based on ‘the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database’ consisted of 198,347 adults who went through all three health examinations. ![]() Hemoglobin variability is known to increase cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease, but the association of hemoglobin variability with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is yet unclear.
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